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Matual  Fund

क्या आप म्यूचुअल फंड्स (Mutual Fund) की स्कीम में निवेश करते हैं? निवेश करने से पहले म्यूचुअल फंड (Mutual Fund) को जान लेना बहुत जरूरी है. इससे आपको निवेश के फैसले लेने में मदद मिलेगी.

आइए जानते हैं क्या है म्यूचुअल फंड (Mutual Fund)? हम आपको यह भी बता रहे हैं कि आप Mutual Fund में कैसे निवेश कर सकते हैं?

म्यूचुअल फंड (Mutual Fund) कंपनियां निवेशकों से पैसे जुटाती हैं. इस पैसे को वे शेयरों में निवेश करती हैं. इसके बदले Mutual Fund निवेशकों से चार्ज भी लेती हैं.

जो लोग शेयर बाजार में निवेश के बारे में बहुत नहीं जानते, उनके लिए म्यूचुअल फंड (Mutual Fund) निवेश का अच्छा विकल्प है. निवेशक अपने वित्तीय लक्ष्य के हिसाब से Mutual Fund स्कीम चुन सकते हैं.

म्यूचुअल फंड (Mutual Fund) में कैसे करें निवेश?आप किसी म्यूचुअल फंड (Mutual Fund) की वेबसाइट से सीधे निवेश कर सकते हैं. अगर आप चाहें तो किसी म्यूचुअल फंड (Mutual Fund) एडवाइजर की सेवा भी ले सकते हैं.

अगर आप सीधे निवेश करते हैं तो आप म्यूचुअल फंड (Mutual Fund) स्कीम के डायरेक्ट प्लान में निवेश कर सकते हैं. अगर आप किसी एडवाइजर की मदद से निवेश कर रहे हैं तो आप किसी Mutual Fund स्कीम के रेगुलर प्लान में निवेश करते हैं.

अगर आप सीधे निवेश करना चाहते हैं तो आपको उस म्यूचुअल फंड (Mutual Fund) की वेबसाइट पर जाना पड़ेगा. आप उसके दफ्तर में भी अपने दस्तावेज के साथ जा सकते हैं.

Mutual Fund के किसी डायरेक्ट प्लान में निवेश करने का फायदा यह है कि आपको कमीशन नहीं देना पड़ता है. इसलिए लंबी अवधि के निवेश में आपका रिटर्न बहुत बढ़ जाता है. इस तरीके से Mutual Fund में निवेश करने में एक दिक्कत यह है कि आपको खुद रिसर्च करना पड़ता है.

देश में कितने तरह के म्यूचुअल फंड (Mutual Fund) हैं?

1. इक्विटी म्यूचुअल फंड (Equity Mutual Fund)
2. डेट म्यूचुअल फंड (Debt Mutual Fund)
3. हाइब्रिड म्यूचुअल फंड (Hybrid Mutual Fund)
4. सॉल्यूशन ओरिएंटेड म्यूचुअल फंड (Solution Oriented Mutual Fund )

*इक्विटी म्यूचुअल फंड (Equity Mutual Fund)ये स्कीम निवेशकों की रकम को सीधे निवेश शेयरों में करती हैं. छोटी अवधि में ये स्कीम जोखिम भरी हो सकती हैं, लेकिन लंबी अवधि में इसे आपको बेहतरीन रिटर्न कमाने में मदद मिलती है. इस तरह की Mutual Fund स्कीम में निवेश से आपका रिटर्न इस बात पर निर्भर करता है कि शेयर का प्रदर्शन कैसा है.

जिन निवेशकों का वित्तीय लक्ष्य 10 साल बाद पूरा होना है, वे इस तरह की Mutual Fund स्कीम में निवेश कर सकते हैं. इक्विटी Mutual Fund स्कीम के भी 10 अलग प्रकार हैं.

*डेट म्यूचुअल फंड (Debt Mutual Fund)ये Mutual Fund स्कीम डेट सिक्योरिटीज में निवेश करती हैं. छोटी अवधि के वित्तीय लक्ष्य पूरे करने के लिए निवेशक इनमें निवेश कर सकते हैं. पांच साल से कम अवधि के लिए इनमें निवेश करना ठीक है. ये Mutual Fund स्कीम शेयरों की तुलना में कम जोखिम वाली होती हैं और बैंक के फिक्स्ड डिपाजिट की तुलना में बेहतर रिटर्न देती हैं.

*हाइब्रिड म्यूचुअल फंड स्कीम (Hybrid Mutual Fund)ये Mutual Fund स्कीम इक्विटी और डेट दोनों में निवेश करती हैं. इन स्कीम को चुनते वक्त भी निवेशकों को अपने जोखिम उठाने की क्षमता का ध्यान रखना जरूरी है. हाइब्रिड Mutual Fund स्कीम को छह कैटेगरी में बांटा गया है.

*सॉल्यूशन ओरिएंटेड स्कीम (Solution Oriented Mutual Fund )Solution Oriented Mutual Fund स्कीम किसी खास लक्ष्य या समाधान के हिसाब से बनी होती हैं. इनमें रिटायरमेंट स्कीम या बच्चे की शिक्षा जैसे लक्ष्य हो सकते हैं. इन स्कीम में आपको कम से कम पांच साल के लिए निवेश करना जरूरी होता है.

म्यूचुअल फंड (Mutual Fund ) के चार्ज
म्यूचुअल फंड (Mutual Fund ) स्कीम में होने वाले सभी खर्च को एक्सपेंस रेश्यो कहते हैं. एक्सपेंस रेश्यो से आपको यह पता लगता है कि किसी Mutual Fund के प्रबंधन में प्रति यूनिट क्या खर्च आता है. आम तौर पर एक्सपेंस रेश्यो किसी Mutual Fund स्कीम के साप्ताहिक नेट एसेट के औसत का 1.5-2.5 फीसदी होता है.

हिंदी में पर्सनल फाइनेंस और शेयर बाजार के नियमित अपडेट्स के लिए लाइक करें हमारा फेसबुक पेज. इस पेज को लाइक करने के लिए 

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